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The AI glossary for people who run businesses.

Plain-language definitions of the AI terms that show up in vendor meetings, proposals, and board questions. Written by a team that builds these systems for businesses across Lebanon, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia, with real examples instead of textbook abstractions.

Core concepts

AI agent

An AI agent is software that uses a language model to carry out a task end to end: it takes a goal, decides the steps, uses tools like databases an...

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Agentic AI

Agentic AI is the umbrella term for AI systems built around agents: software that plans, uses tools, and completes multi-step tasks with limited su...

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LLM (large language model)

A large language model (LLM) is an AI model trained on enormous amounts of text to predict language, which in practice lets it read, write, summari...

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Machine learning

Machine learning (ML) is the field of building software that learns patterns from data instead of following hand-written rules, covering everything...

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NLP (natural language processing)

Natural language processing (NLP) is the branch of AI concerned with software understanding and producing human language: classifying, extracting, ...

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Multimodal AI

Multimodal AI describes models that work across more than one medium (text, images, audio, video) in a single system: reading a photographed invoic...

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Building blocks

RAG (retrieval-augmented generation)

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a technique where an AI system first fetches the most relevant pieces of your own data (documents, policies...

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Conversational AI

Conversational AI is the class of systems that hold a natural dialogue with people (on websites, WhatsApp, Instagram, or inside apps) and increasin...

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Working with AI

Prompt engineering

Prompt engineering is the craft of writing the instructions, context, and examples an AI model receives so it produces reliable, correctly-formatte...

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Fine-tuning

Fine-tuning is additional training that adapts an existing AI model to your specific task or style using your own examples, changing the model’s we...

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AI hallucination

An AI hallucination is when a language model states something false with full confidence: an invented statistic, a non-existent policy, a fabricate...

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Context window

The context window is the maximum amount of text an AI model can consider at once (its working memory), covering your instructions, the conversatio...

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Human in the loop

Human in the loop (HITL) is a design pattern where people review, approve, or take over from an AI system at defined points, so automation handles ...

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Vibe coding

Vibe coding is building software by describing what you want to an AI tool (Lovable, Bolt, Cursor, Replit, v0) and accepting what it generates, ite...

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AI search

Answer engine optimization (AEO)

Answer engine optimization (AEO) is the practice of structuring your website so AI-powered answer engines (ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, Google’s AI...

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llms.txt

llms.txt is a plain-text file at the root of a website (yoursite.com/llms.txt) that gives AI systems a concise, structured summary of what the site...

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